The Urology Fellowship provides in-depth training on the clinical anatomy and physiology of the urinary and male reproductive systems. Fellows gain comprehensive knowledge of the anatomical structures and physiological functions essential for diagnosing and treating urological disorders. The program emphasizes recognition of urological disease symptoms, including pain, urination disorders, and pathological changes in urine and sperm. A wide array of diagnostic methods are covered, including physical examination, laboratory testing, imaging, and instrumental evaluations. The curriculum includes study of congenital anomalies affecting the kidneys, bladder, urethra, penis, and scrotum. Inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and parasitic infections, are explored alongside management strategies. Urolithiasis is discussed in detail, addressing stones in various parts of the urogenital tract. Training extends to the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries and neoplasms, including renal cancer and Wilms’ tumor. Recommended readings support the learning process, including leading texts like the Oxford Handbook of Urology and Campbell Walsh Wein Handbook of Urology.